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Horizontal Equality Shrinks Away: Personal Data Protection Bill 2023, 2019 and Other Subject-Specific Laws
The latest draft of the Personal Data Protection Bill 2023 has confirmed that there will be no distinction made for sensitive or special personal data. Provisions that attempted to protect sensitive data with respect to sex life, sexual orientation, transgender or intersex status, caste or tribe and religious or political belief or affiliation are now… →
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Indirect and Systemic Discrimination: The Drawbacks of Lt Col Nitisha v Union of India
The Supreme Court has held that the policies to grant permanent commission for women officers in the Army constituted ‘systemic discrimination’. Combining principles of indirect discrimination and systemic power hierarchies, the judgment calls for substantive equality in anti-discrimination law. Justice Chandrachud pronounced the judgment for the two-judge bench of the Court, with Justice MR Shah… →